S&P Global

European banks have substantial capital buffers relative to their regulatory requirements. This follows years of banks ramping up capitalization--on both a regulatory basis and based on our measurement of risk-adjusted capital (RAC)--since the global financial crisis and European sovereign debt crisis. Read more with @SPGlobalRatings: okt.to/JpCANz

From @EnergySPG: India's data center capacity is projected to reach 26.3 GW by 2031-32, up from less than 2 GW today. As AI, cloud computing and digital demand grow, states are competing for investment and shaping where the next wave of capacity will be built. Read more: okt.to/vYpF5w

From @SPGMarketIntel: AI and cloud computing are driving a global data center boom, but investment alone won’t deliver capacity. Power, water, permits and community support are becoming key challenges. Hear our experts discuss the construction trends and constraints reshaping the sector. Listen to the latest "The Decisive" podcast episode: okt.to/gkcHn6

Rising interest rates are pushing up debt service costs: We estimate issuers in the U.S. and Europe face about a 175 basis point increase in funding costs on 'BB' rating category bonds maturing in 2027-2028, if refinanced at current yields. Read more from @SPGlobalRatings: okt.to/9TU1Q5

From @EnergySPG: Global wheat markets are entering a critical period. From Australian crop prospects and India’s planting season to Argentina’s export potential and Black Sea shipping disruptions, key factors are shaping supply and pricing. Hear our experts discuss the risks and opportunities ahead. Listen to the latest Commodities Focus podcast episode: okt.to/t4DQH7

Reliance Industries is open to collaborating with U.S. companies across oil and gas and new energy amid a changing energy landscape and growing demand. Read more from @EnergySPG: okt.to/6Amr9I

From @EnergySPG: Indian and Chinese refiners are more confident continuing purchases of economically attractive Russian crude grades after the US waiver reduced uncertainty around supplies, while still keeping alternative sourcing options available should conditions change, analysts and industry sources said Oct. 22. Read more: okt.to/fwXrjp

Winter procurement by major Northeast Asian LNG buyers has gathered pace despite elevated spot prices as Asia enters the winter LNG season. Read more from @EnergySPG: okt.to/8JaMDV

From @energySPG: The global aluminum market enters 2027 with stronger fundamentals. Producers are confident in long-term demand, driven by grid expansion and e-mobility, among other electrification and energy transition trends. However, industry players in this highly fragmented market remain sensitive to volatility and uncertainty in energy costs, trade regulations and the geopolitical landscape. Read more: okt.to/nCXa3G

In the past, when agriculture was disrupted and prices rose, the reason would typically have been weather: droughts, floods, freezes. The COVID-19 shutdown also had an impact. But today, it is something new: geopolitics and military conflict. Read our latest research from the S&P Global Institute: okt.to/WZdg4h

AI is becoming fundamental to telecom network strategy. Beyond driving efficiencies, it’s reshaping how networks are built, how resources are managed, how services are delivered and where operators can unlock new value. Read more from @SPGMarketIntel. okt.to/62wrWT

Commodities other than the basic staples will be affected by the El Niño, including cash crops that are important to livelihoods in many poorer regions. The risks to sugar differ by region. Below-normal monsoon rainfall could weaken cane development and yields in India and Thailand, while excessive rain in Brazil’s Center-South could prevent mills from harvesting and crushing all available cane. Read our latest research from the S&P Global Institute: okt.to/qmRpsE

September’s growth and trade indicators point to economic resilience, but commodity-price pressures and tighter financial conditions complicate the outlook for demand and margins. Read more from @SPGMarketIntel: okt.to/JZMhkN

From @EnergySPG: The copper market is under increasing pressure as mine disruptions, declining ore grades, and lengthy project development timelines constrain supply, while electrification, power grid investment and artificial intelligence infrastructure drive demand. Read more: okt.to/0CMNvs

India’s rice trade outlook for 2027 is in focus, with El Niño-driven production risks threatening to tighten export availability and likely to push prices higher in the coming months. Read more from @EnergySPG : okt.to/2nExqd

Flash loans, which were pioneered by Aave, are an innovation unique to DeFi, as they solve a core problem of traditional finance: capital efficiency and access. While in traditional systems, one needs to provide collateral or credit score to borrow, flash loans eliminate these barriers by relying on smart contracts. Flash loans enable users to instantly borrow substantial funds from a protocol without collateral beyond what is needed to cover transaction costs. Read the full research: okt.to/xq2auM

Data centers have become one of the most visible symbols of the global AI investment boom. But turning ambitious plans into operational capacity will depend on far more than demand for computing power. In this episode of The Decisive, host Kristen Hallam speaks with three @SPGMarketIntel experts about the economic, construction, policy and security risks shaping the expansion of AI infrastructure.  Listen now: okt.to/8GBxoC

Japan hopes to see predictability and stability in Australia’s domestic gas reservation scheme amid ongoing discussions. Read more from @EnergySPG. okt.to/9rP5Hw

From @EnergySPG: El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean have intensified, with a greater than 83% chance of a very strong event during January-March 2027, according to NOAA. Market experts warned of potentially significant effects on farm productivity across several regions. Read more: okt.to/F3C7lE