
Editorial and Research Fellow @ActonInstitute Host of Acton Line Podcast.
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ALT An infographic comparing myths vs. reality of data center energy use Myth: - Energy use has exploded with no efficiency gains - Every AI query uses huge amounts of electricity - Data centers are the main reason the grid is strained - All facilities are equally inefficient Reality: - Us data centers used 176 TWh (4.4%) in 2023 - Efficiency kept usage flat for years before AI growth - Energy per simple query is falling rapidly - Significant but not the dominant driver of demand - Hyperscalers achieve low PUE near 1.1

ALT An infographic about data center water use. Myths: - Data centers are draining the country dry - Every AI query uses bottles of water - All facilities use massive evaporative cooling - Water is permanently destroyed Reality: - Direct US use ~17 billion gallons/year (tiny fraction of total) - Most water is indirect from electricity - Modern closed-loop/air cooling can use near-zero water - Golf courses and lawns use far more - Agriculture and power plants dominate national use

























