Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) header
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile picture

Lethe scholar

@Lethescholar

Retrieving from oblivion the antiquities of the old kingdom, where the sun sets and the divine awakens. Personal account: @FCMart1n

Joined March 2025
  • Tweets1.5K
  • Following37
  • Followers2.7K
703Media
Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)Photo by Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
Reasons to lump Callaecian and Lusitanian together: >Same onomastics. >Same toponymy. >Same gods. >Same Celtic and pre-Celtic strata. >Same recorded pre-Latin language. Reasons to differentiate Callaecian and Lusitanian: >"Bro, Galicia sounds like Galatian/Gaelic/Gaulish."
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@LethescholarOct 13
Replying to @EzKordem
>There is zero evidence of a "Gallaecian language" distinct from Lusitanian. Neither was Hispano-Celtic, as neither was Celtic to begin with. >Cantabria as a mixed Celto-Vasconic area makes no sense at all. nitter.cf/Lethescholar/status/20…
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
9
18
1
171
6,508
Lethe scholar retweeted
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile picture
Lethe scholar@Lethescholar14h
>P-Celtic/Gallo-Brittonic emerges in central Alps, becomes Hallstatt prestige speech. >La Tène emerges ~450 BC, peripheral & core Celts re-form a cultural koiné, P-Celtic spreads through it. >Peripheral La Tène Celts continue carrying Q-Celtic, including to Ireland.
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
1
3
17
386
Lethe scholar retweeted
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile picture
Lethe scholar@Lethescholar14h
My current view on the Celtic westward expansion: >By ~1000 BC, Celtic still limited to central and eastern France; Atlantic cultures NOT Celtic yet. >RSFO group peaks; Q-Celtic infiltrates Languedoc-Iberia (Proto-Celtiberians) and the Channel/MMN area (Proto-Gaels)… (+)
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@LethescholarOct 16
Bc Welsh and Gaelic are ~3000 years apart, which implies more divergence than, e.g., French and Romanian, which are mutually unintelligible too. Also, imo: >Gaelic comes from a Proto-Celtic influx into the Channel area by the LBA. >Welsh comes from Gaulish influence by the LIA.
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
8
8
1
53
2,604
Lethe scholar retweeted
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile picture
Lethe scholar@Lethescholar10h
Replying to @lapalemort
I'm still waiting for a response to this from people in the trenches of Celtic Bell Beakers. nitter.cf/Lethescholar/status/21…
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@LethescholarOct 27
Replying to @realPaulConroy
If u claim that Irish & Brittonic evolved from the Bell Beaker language separately in Ireland & the Alps, u need a context of linguistic unity between both regions that excludes other Bell Beaker-derived areas, such as Italic, Lusitanian, & Venetic. Which one are u thinking of?
1
1
2
127
Lethe scholar retweeted
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile picture
Lethe scholar@Lethescholar10h
Replying to @lapalemort
I'm not suggesting that at all. I'm suggesting that the earliest Celtic intrusion into Britain occurred by 1000 BC, it was ancestral to Gaelic, (Gallo-)Brittonic entered later as mature developments in the La Tène koiné, and all this involved migration and political domination.
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@Lethescholar14h
My current view on the Celtic westward expansion: >By ~1000 BC, Celtic still limited to central and eastern France; Atlantic cultures NOT Celtic yet. >RSFO group peaks; Q-Celtic infiltrates Languedoc-Iberia (Proto-Celtiberians) and the Channel/MMN area (Proto-Gaels)… (+)
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
1
7
173
My current view on the Celtic westward expansion: >By ~1000 BC, Celtic still limited to central and eastern France; Atlantic cultures NOT Celtic yet. >RSFO group peaks; Q-Celtic infiltrates Languedoc-Iberia (Proto-Celtiberians) and the Channel/MMN area (Proto-Gaels)… (+)
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@LethescholarOct 16
Bc Welsh and Gaelic are ~3000 years apart, which implies more divergence than, e.g., French and Romanian, which are mutually unintelligible too. Also, imo: >Gaelic comes from a Proto-Celtic influx into the Channel area by the LBA. >Welsh comes from Gaulish influence by the LIA.
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
8
8
1
53
2,604
more replies
Why the Duffaits group from central-western France could have been Celtic as early as the Middle Bronze Age: nitter.cf/Lethescholar/status/20…
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@LethescholarSep 15
To clarify, Duffaits is a MBA hybrid cultural group between Atlantic (non-Celtic) and Continental (Celtic) influences. Pottery is more Continental-prone, metalwork more Atlantic. So I see Duffaits as a vector of Celticization, but wouldn't venture to say to what extent… (1/4)🧵
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
1
1
6
159
Why P-Celtic emerged in the central Alps (plus another thread linked at the end of this, dealing why P-Celtic emerged around 1000 BC and how it became the Hallstatt prestige speech): nitter.cf/Lethescholar/status/20…
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@LethescholarJul 7
1. River and tribe names derived from *sekwan- support that P-Celtic emerged outside central Gaul, in Alpine areas in close contact with Italic. 2. Adding the Quariates (unless it is a Ligurian rather a Celtic name) would also exclude southern Gaul from the P-Celtic Urheimat…
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
1
5
141
Ireland was one of the richest, densest and most advanced Bronze Age European societies besides the Aegean. Big reasons to exclude it could be Celticized at that time. But by the Iron Age you have: societal collapse + huge foreign intrusion (La Tène). Put two and two together.
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
Paul Conroy (@realPaulConroy) profile picturePaul Conroy
@realPaulConroyOct 27
Replying to @Lethescholar
I would group Brythonic, Gaulish, Italic and Venetic as one cluster of related dialects. Lusitanian development may have been influenced by early Goidelic from Ireland. Recent research postulates that Ireland’s population may have been 3-4 million in the Bronze Age, one of the most densely populated areas of Europe in fact. You have a small amount of Y-DNA R-DF27 on the South Coast of Ireland and also in Western Iberia. So a migration by boat from Ireland would make sense.
6
16
1
133
3,773
Ireland influenced abroad during the Bronze Age? Absolutely. Nothing to do with Celts. Proto-Celtic was still forming in central Europe when early Bronze Age pre-Celtic Irish traded this goldwork in Portugal: nitter.cf/Lethescholar/status/19…
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@Lethescholar31 Aug 2025
Gold lunula with corresponding solar disks from Cabeceiras de Basto, northern Portugal, ca. 2000 BC. A unique testimony to Gallaico-Irish connections in the Early Bronze Age — and perhaps to the materiality of the Milesian legend.
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
1
1
13
441
Why La Tène was Gaelic in Ireland: nitter.cf/Lethescholar/status/21…
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@LethescholarOct 28
WHY LA TÈNE WAS GAELIC IN IRELAND Yes, my point could sound odd, as La Tène is mainly associated to P-Celtic Gaulish and the ancestors of Brittonic, not Q-Celtic Gaelic. But don't assume La Tène = P-Celtic. That's WRONG, especially when dealing with early La Tène… (1/5)🧵
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
1
157
WHY LA TÈNE WAS GAELIC IN IRELAND Yes, my point could sound odd, as La Tène is mainly associated to P-Celtic Gaulish and the ancestors of Brittonic, not Q-Celtic Gaelic. But don't assume La Tène = P-Celtic. That's WRONG, especially when dealing with early La Tène… (1/5)🧵
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
𝔇𝔲𝔟𝔫𝔬𝔰 (@Dubnos_) profile picture𝔇𝔲𝔟𝔫𝔬𝔰@Dubnos_Oct 28
Replying to @Lethescholar
How could the La Tène Celts have introduced Gaelic, given that Gaelic is a Q-Celtic language, while the La Tène Celts spoke a P-Celtic language? It seems more plausible to me that Gaelic arrived during the Bronze Age.
2
5
1
20
1,530
more replies
Take Champagne, part of the old Manche-Mer du Nord cultural group. Its dialect MUST have been something ancestral or at least very close to Gaelic. From these northern peripheries, the La Tène koiné was structured: peripheries were reunited once again with the centre… (+)
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
1
9
249
Language convergence occurred LATER. P-Celtic/Gallo-Brittonic only gradually spread through the La Tène koiné ONCE it was created. Therefore, early La Tène in the Channel area and Britain was, and could only have been, GAELIC. So it was in Ireland. /END
7
216
You can find a lot of lists of Asturian tribes on the internet, but I shall take the liberty of referring to my thesis: academia.edu/44493528/_2020_…
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
El Baldonauta ⭐️⭐️ (@baldonauta) profile pictureEl Baldonauta ⭐️⭐️@baldonautaOct 27
Replying to @Lethescholar
Any list of those Astures tribes available?
1
8
1
27
1,106
The river Lima or Limia in Galicia & Portugal was also called Lethe in Antiquity. The Romans associated it with an underworld river of Greek mythology of the same name. Modern Celticists argue it was instead related to Litavis. Which option do u prefer? Some keys below…🧵(1/4)
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
solmba (@Michssspp82096) profile picturesolmba@Michssspp82096Oct 26
Litavis/Litauī was also the name a Gallic earth-goddess known from votive inscriptions in eastern Gaul, where she appears together with her partner "Cicolluis", equated with Mars. Litauī appears to be cognate with the name of the Vedic earth-goddess Pṛthivī.
Image from solmba (@Michssspp82096)
2
4
1
29
1,181
more replies
It was said that whoever crossed the Galician and Greek Lethe would lose their memory. So the idea of an Indo-European cognate shared by Greek and Galaico-Lusitanian is very tempting. Not to mention: what if Greek and Galician Lethe and Celtic Litavis were all related?... (+)
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
1
11
171
Perhaps something to link to early Celtic influences on Greece: a mythological place associated with the westernmost edge of the world, whose name was brought in the heroic age by western barbarians. /END nitter.cf/Lethescholar/status/20…
Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar) profile pictureLethe scholar@LethescholarJul 2
This is actually a great take. I would add one detail to the impressively documented evidence presented in the video--the euhemerization of Late Bronze Age Urnfield-driven migrations as Heraclid genealogies across the Mediterranean…➡️
Image from Lethe scholar (@Lethescholar)
1
12
218
Load more