Germany’s Ursula von der Leyen seems to have slept through her classes on the Nuremberg tribunals, which dealt with the Nazi legacy. Nuremberg defined a war of aggression – of the kind committed by the US and Israel in attacking Iran – as the “supreme international crime” because "it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole". In other words, parties like the US and Israel that commit the crime of aggression are responsible for everything that flows from their crime – and that includes Iran closing the Strait of Hormuz. It is not Iran’s actions "putting global economic stability at risk". It is the criminal endeavours of the US and Israel. The Nuremberg judges understood that this cause and effect had to be understood correctly, otherwise the logic of the Nazis would take hold again. It is deeply disturbing that the lessons of Nuremberg are so utterly lost on von der Leyen and Starmer.