Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Our teams put Gemini 4 Carbon to work on a major security challenge: mathematically proving the code underlying the Signal protocol.
Using AlphaProof Code, @GoogleDeepMind researchers guided agents to verify the protocol down to compiled device code, closing the gap where real bugs hide. The result:
- Gemini 4 Carbon generated over 6M lines of machine-checked Lean proofs
- years of expert manual verification compressed to just weeks
~1% of the codebase required human review (Lean automatically checked the rest)
This is helping unlock scalable formal verification for building secure software, laying the groundwork to fundamentally shift the advantage to defenders. We’re open sourcing the results for the security community.
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Thrilled to announce that our @GoogleDeepMind team has cracked a major challenge in software engineering and cybersecurity: formally verifying a real-world implementation of the #Signal cryptographic protocol at the machine-code level. This proof was done using AlphaProof Code, our new AI framework for formal specification and verification.
* Paper: deepmind.google/documents/36…
* Lean code: github.com/google-deepmind/c…
* DeepMind blog post: deepmind.google/blog/introdu…
A huge shoutout to my amazing teammates: @tchajed,
@FerrousAndrew, Jonathan Katz, @pushmeet, @antonkovsharov, Karn Seth, Sam Schlesinger, @RandomlyWalking.
I started working on formal software verification 20+ years ago as a grad student. I was persuaded by Dijkstra and other computer science pioneers’ vision of programming backed up by mathematical theorems. At that time, we had to choose between automated code analysis algorithms that scaled but could only prove shallow properties, and deep manual verification that took decades of expert human work.
Thanks to progress in AI for mathematical reasoning, we don’t have to make that choice any more. Over four weeks in October 2026, AlphaProof Code agents generated more than 6 million lines of machine-checked Lean proof. We proved deep computational and symbolic security properties of the entire protocol core of Signal, all the way down to the ARM machine-code level.
This is just the first step, of course, because our goal is nothing short of verifying the world’s software infrastructure. Most cyberattacks, including the AI-powered ones recently in the news, happen because of preventable code bugs. I expect that agents for formal code analysis will eliminate these bugs one category at a time.
As our paper explains in more detail, this doesn’t at all mean humans are out of the picture! Proofs are now largely automated, but human experts will need to decide what is proved with AI assistance. AlphaProof Code offers an early glimpse of what such human-AI collaboration could look like, but many other proposals of this nature will emerge.
We have released all our Lean specs and proofs and plan to work with the open-source community on improving them. If you are building critical software and would like to apply these ideas, come talk to us!
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Announcing a major milestone achieved by my team @GoogleDeepMind: we have proven key security properties of the machine code underlying the Signal messaging protocol. This is the first time the actual production code of a widely deployed protocol has been formally verified – by any method, with or without AI – and at this depth.
More than a research breakthrough, it’s a prime example of how frontier AI can be a force multiplier to counter the speed and scale of modern cyber threats.
Formal verification offers a higher standard of security; however, it’s extremely complex and time consuming, which is why in many cases it’s considered to be impractical. Similar efforts could take teams decades of combined effort. We did it in a month’s time.
Using AlphaProof Code, Google DeepMind's new agentic framework for formal verification that runs on LLMs including Gemini Carbon, we verified the Signal protocol down to the actual code running on devices. This milestone lays the groundwork for a future in which vital systems, from medical device firmware to power grid software, ship with mathematical proof that their protections work.
Reaching that future will take continued research from our community. In that spirit, we're open-sourcing our formal specifications and verification artifacts so others can build on this work.
On a personal note, this moment is of deep significance to me. I started my own research journey more than two decades ago as an intern working on checking the consistency of complex software systems. Seeing this grand challenge made practical with modern AI is extraordinary.
I'm extremely proud of my team members: Swarat Chaudhuri, Andrew Ferraiuolo, Anton Kovsharov, Tej Chajed, Sam Schlesinger, Karn Seth, Jonathan Katz, and Charles Sutton for taking on this grand challenge and delivering, and grateful to the Signal team for their partnership.
deepmind.google/blog/formal-…
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Drag-and-drop makes the digital graspable, but building it well is fiddly enough that many don’t bother. Declarative Dragging (with Josh Horowitz & Jeff Heer, #uist2026 best paper award), lets you make an element draggable just by listing the states dragging it can reach.
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
🪸 [Call for contributors!] 🪸 New release: "Google Docs for Coral Reefs" is live!! You can now explore the reef with your dive buddies, select coral colonies, tag species, add comments, and search for visually similar colonies across the reef, all in 3D!
🔵 Why? Coral reefs are such precious, beautiful, incredibly complex, and threatened ecosystems. They are dying fast. A lot of amazing people are fighting to keep them alive. We need to deploy more solutions faster. That requires a deep understanding of how coral reefs function. What works, what doesn't, to coordinate precise action. The evidence is buried in a humongous amount of data scattered across organisations, hard drives, and disconnected tools. We need one place to share the data, examine it, analyse it, and turn it into action. That’s why we’re building this!
🔵 Ground truth is everything. We start with the highest-signal data: time-series 3D. You see each colony from many angles, at true scale, and track how it evolves over time. But the data is enormous. Even small survey plots are hundreds of gigabytes. We already process and stream it directly in the browser. Now we turn it into a workspace.
🔵 Dive buddies. Annotating hectares of reef is soo lonely. So we built multiplayer! Bring your friends and annotate together in 3D. See where everyone is looking in real time and split up the work. Leave comments at exact locations. Use @ tags for species, health, etc. Pretty much like Google Docs or Figma, but for a 3D reef.
🔵 Smart selection. Corals are painfully hard to annotate! Their shapes and colours are all different, and it's hard to see where one colony ends and another begins. Even amazing 2D models like SAM struggle with reef photos and orthos. Lousy masks and vague point annotations create bad training data. Those errors wreck downstream AI models. Luckily, we have an unfair advantage. Each coral appears in many photos from different angles. Our selector works in a shared 3D embedding space, across every view at once. Just Shift+click, drag out a semantic radius, and select anything directly in 3D.
🔵 Semantic search. Start with a colony, coral fragment, or disease patch. Hit the ≈ button and find visually similar things across the reef. Create a category and add the right matches. Keep going until you’ve mapped it. Then move on to the next one.
🔵 Under the hood. We project DINOv3 features from the photos into the 3D splats. Then we use LDA to adapt them to your categories and make the model lightweight enough to work in the browser.
🔵 Please break it. This demo is one tiny patch of reef, held together with duct tape and full of bugs. But even in this state, no other browser tool lets a team annotate a 3D reef together like this.
🔵 Huge thanks to the superstar Matthew Osborne, creator of The Living Atlas, for leading the development! The fantastic Jan Paulini built our first species list. And to the amazing people doing the real work in the water, who kindly shared this reef data with us:
@alderdice_r, @reefgenomics, @emmafcamp,
@PaigeStrudwick,
@ChristineDRoper, and many others.
🔵 Please annotate a few colonies. It would help us a lot! Together, we map every reef on Earth! 🤗 🌍
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Delighted to finally unveil these results! 🎉
Many congratulations to the team, who worked tirelessly for almost a year to build and evaluate AlphaProof Nexus. We revised many priors during this project — most notably, we discovered that with current frontier models, simple agent loops with compiler feedback can rival more sophisticated systems. We were struck both by the capabilities of our systems and the magnitude of the challenges ahead.
I have never been as excited about the potential of formal math to enhance human creativity and bring rigor to AI. Onward! 🚀
AI agents are advancing research-level math. 🚀
I’m thrilled to share @GoogleDeepMind’s AlphaProof Nexus - an agentic framework for formal proof search powered by Gemini.
When applied to a set of open formal math problems, our agent autonomously solved:
✅ 9 open Erdős problems (including two open for 56 years!)
✅ 44 Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) problems
✅ A 15-year-old open problem in algebraic geometry ✅ A 7-year-old open question in min-max optimization
We are collaborating with mathematicians across disciplines - from combinatorics and graph theory to quantum optics. Ultimately, these results show the massive potential of even simple agentic loops powered by Gemini.
Read the paper here: arxiv.org/abs/2605.22763v1
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Everything you love about generative models — now powered by real physics!
Announcing the Genesis project — after a 24-month large-scale research collaboration involving over 20 research labs — a generative physics engine able to generate 4D dynamical worlds powered by a physics simulation platform designed for general-purpose robotics and physical AI applications.
Genesis's physics engine is developed in pure Python, while being 10-80x faster than existing GPU-accelerated stacks like Isaac Gym and MJX. It delivers a simulation speed ~430,000 faster than in real-time, and takes only 26 seconds to train a robotic locomotion policy transferrable to the real world on a single RTX4090 (see tutorial: genesis-world.readthedocs.io…).
The Genesis physics engine and simulation platform is fully open source at github.com/Genesis-Embodied-…. We'll gradually roll out access to our generative framework in the near future.
Genesis implements a unified simulation framework all from scratch, integrating a wide spectrum of state-of-the-art physics solvers, allowing simulation of the whole physical world in a virtual realm with the highest realism.
We aim to build a universal data engine that leverages an upper-level generative framework to autonomously create physical worlds, together with various modes of data, including environments, camera motions, robotic task proposals, reward functions, robot policies, character motions, fully interactive 3D scenes, open-world articulated assets, and more, aiming towards fully automated data generation for robotics, physical AI and other applications.
Open Source Code: github.com/Genesis-Embodied-…
Project webpage: genesis-embodied-ai.github.i…
Documentation: genesis-world.readthedocs.io…
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Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Today, Animation Inc.’s tech demo is available for pre-order on the App Store.
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
New ARC-AGI paper
@arcprize w/ fantastic collaborators @xu3kev @HuLillian39250 @ZennaTavares @evanthebouncy @BasisOrg
For few-shot learning: better to construct a symbolic hypothesis/program, or have a neural net do it all, ala in-context learning?
cs.cornell.edu/~ellisk/docum…
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Wildflow Coral -- our first product, a comprehensive digital twin of coral reef ecosystems based on multimodal foundation models for biodiversity.
🔵 Why? Billions of years of evolution created Earth's vibrant ecosystems -- they are inconceivably rich and incredibly complex! We have so much to learn from this beautiful complexity. We want to build a future where humans and nature thrive and enrich each other. That’s why we chose to start with coral reefs. They are the most complex, beautiful, endangered, and important ecosystem. They are home to 25% of marine life while occupying only 0.1% of the ocean. Sadly, we’re on track to lose 90% of coral reefs by 2050. The time to act is now. Over half a billion people rely on coral reefs. Already vulnerable communities are the first to suffer the consequences. We have to make a lot of critical decisions about them! They are a key to model entire biosphere (protect nature) down the road.
🔵 How? We take all the data across all modalities, such as 3D photogrammetry, bioacoustics, underwater videos, remote sensing, eDNA, environmental data like currents, and more, to create the ultimate digital twin of any coral reef ecosystem and make it available to the world. And do it at a planetary scale. Core tech is multimodal foundation models for biodiversity.
🔵 What? This enables deep modelling of complex ecosystem dynamics, such as population dynamics, predator-prey dynamics, energy transfer, phenological events (like spawning), and computes the ecosystem's health and resilience metrics. Via rigorous analysis of multimodal data, it uncovers precise mechanisms driving ecosystem change, offering humans irrefutable evidence to steer their actions. It shows quantitatively how coastal development, agriculture runoff, invasive species, pollution, increasing water temperatures, and other pressures affect the coral reef ecosystem. It shows what the coral reef ecosystem gives us back through its services, such as coastal area protection and oxygen production. It coordinates conservation and restoration efforts worldwide. We know which practises work and which don’t. It guides human activities to understand, protect and restore coral reef ecosystems.
🔵 Next steps:
↳ ✅ 3D "Street View" for coral reefs prototype [DONE]
↳ 3D digital twin of coral reefs
↳ multimodal twin of coral reefs
↳ model ocean ecosystems
↳ model biosphere
↳ become the first generation that actually
leaves behind nature better than we found it! 🐳 🌎
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Sneak peek into the larger 3D "Street View for Coral Reefs" model:
- ❌ geometry is not good
- ❌ no cleanup of wacky splats
- ✅ used 200 photos from 2 GoPros (almost one swim-through)
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
!!
🚨 Our Top SaaS Vendors October Report is in 🚨
@cursor_ai attracted the highest number of new customers in September, beating even OpenAI!
Dig into the full report here: ramp.com/blog/top-saas-vendo…
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
🚨 Our Top SaaS Vendors October Report is in 🚨
@cursor_ai attracted the highest number of new customers in September, beating even OpenAI!
Dig into the full report here: ramp.com/blog/top-saas-vendo…
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Really enjoyed this conversation!
would recommend taking a listen
Here's my conversation with the founding team of Cursor, a popular code editor (based on VSCode) that specializes in AI-assisted programming.
This is a super technical conversation that is bigger than just about one code editor. It's about the future of programming and, in general, the future of human-AI collaboration.
It's here on X in full, and is up on everywhere else.
Timestamps:
0:00 - Introduction
0:59 - Code editor basics
3:09 - GitHub Copilot
10:27 - Cursor
16:54 - Cursor Tab
23:08 - Code diff
31:20 - ML details
36:54 - GPT vs Claude
43:28 - Prompt engineering
50:54 - AI agents
1:04:51 - Running code in background
1:09:31 - Debugging
1:14:58 - Dangerous code
1:26:09 - Branching file systems
1:29:20 - Scaling challenges
1:43:32 - Context
1:48:39 - OpenAI o1
2:00:01 - Synthetic data
2:03:48 - RLHF vs RLAIF
2:05:34 - Fields Medal for AI
2:08:17 - Scaling laws
2:17:06 - The future of programming
Anton Kovsharov retweeted
Here is the list of all such explorations - a must-read! 🔖
madebyevan.com/algos/
🧪 At Briefly, we built an editor for biological experiments with AI being a first-class collaborator.
briefly.bio/
@brieflybio
Briefly is an editor for structured documents. Interaction with AI is user triggered and suggestions are immediately applied to the document, but easy to revert. This combination allowed us to gain some interesting insights on interactions with AI.
In this thread I’d like to give an overview of several dimensions in how document interactions with AI can be built, share our findings on how scientists use Briefly and how these findings affected our approach.
📚🤖 Linking Semantics to Structure: How AI Benefits from Structured Documents
One interesting aspect is that structured documents not only benefit the end consumer but collaborators too, including AI. When interacting with AI, Briefly adds a semantic layer to the structure by providing AI with examples on how bio protocols should be expressed in this structure. When AI replies with suggestions, the significant portion of the intent can be inferred from suggestion structure. Understanding the intent helps to merge and visualise different suggestions in a more meaningful way.
Briefly and Patchwork follow a very similar approach, with the main difference being that Briefly focuses on structured document editing, while Patchwork is general purpose text editor. Structured documents add a new set of challenges but make some aspects more straightforward in Briefly.
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🌟 In Future Posts
We discussed the high level category Briefly editor fits in. This category imposes certain properties on the system implementation. I will outline the properties in the next thread and then follow up with an intuition for how the system satisfying it might look.
I’m a big fan of the idea of discovering systems from the properties that the system should have. Sandy Maguire’s leanpub.com/algebra-driven-d… book is a great introduction for this approach.
Then I will further follow up with technical details on how to implement such a suggestion system efficiently using existing AI APIs (hopefully before FastEdits feature by @AnthropicAI is out which takes more native approach and probably marks it obsolete).
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