Larry James

This is Charles & Willa Bruce. In 1912 they bought prime beachfront land in Manhattan Beach, LA County and built a Black resort community. In 1924 the county took it and refused to pay its value. In 2021, worth $72 million, it was returned to their descendents by Senate Bill 796. In 1912, Black Californians Charles and Willa Bruce bought a small slice of Manhattan Beach real estate for around $1,200. They built a resort for fellow Black families in the area who found themselves unwelcome at Whites-only beaches, even renting out bathing suits and selling snacks — and they were almost immediately subjected to racist attacks. Everyone from neighbors, the police, the city council, and even the Ku Klux Klan tried to close the beach down. The city imposed 10-minute parking limits near the beach to try and discourage visitors, and finally in 1924, the Manhattan Beach city council just seized the property entirely, offering the Bruces a fraction of their asking price. Today, the stretch of beach is worth around $20 million — and Los Angeles County voted to finally return it to the Bruces' descendants in 2021.

The lady circled in the photo was Lucy Higgs Nichols. She was born into slavery in Tennessee, but during the Civil War she managed to escape and found her way to 23rd Indiana Infantry Regiment which was encamped nearby. She stayed with the regiment and worked as a nurse throughout the war. After the war, she moved north with the regiment and settled in Indiana, where she found work with some of the veterans of the 23rd. She applied for a pension after Congress passed the Army Nurses Pension Act of 1892 which allowed Civil War nurses to draw pensions for their service. The War Department had no record of her, so her pension was denied. Fifty-five surviving veterans of the 23rd petitioned Congress for the pension they felt she had rightfully earned, and it was granted. The photograph shows Nichols and other veterans of the Indiana regiment at a reunion in 1898. Beloved by the troops who referred to her as “Aunt Lucy,” Nichols was the only woman to receive an honorary induction into the Grand Army of the Republic, and she was buried in an unmarked grave in New Albany with full military honors in 1915.