rico meinl (@ricomnl) header
rico meinl (@ricomnl) profile picture

head of applied ai @retrobio_

bay area
Joined June 2018
Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)Photo by rico meinl (@ricomnl)
super excited to announce our collaboration to the world! here’s the backstory: we started with a shared goal of using AI to generate novel discoveries that would be non-trivial for human scientists to make
At @OpenAI, we believe that AI can accelerate science and drug discovery. An exciting example is our work with @RetroBiosciences, where a custom model designed improved variants of the Nobel-prize winning Yamanaka proteins. Today we published a closer look at the breakthrough. ⬇️
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mfw >biology is just a data problem >collect enough omics, simulate the whole cell >read about humanin >peptide encoded inside the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene >the same sequence is also a structural part of the ribosome >24 aa if the cytosol translates it, 21 aa if the mitochondria do >because mitochondria run a different genetic code >and start translation with N-formylmethionine instead of plain methionine >nobody's fully sure which one actually makes it >also 13 nuclear copies that might make their own versions >gets secreted into the blood >hits cell-surface receptors >one of them is literally a mitochondria detector >also gets taken back up >binds Bax inside the cell to block apoptosis >discovered by screening surviving brain tissue from an alzheimer's patient >open my cell model schema >compartment: yes >molecule_type: rRNA, peptide, hormone >length: depends who's asking
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highly recommend. every time you walk away and it locks it goes ROOOAARRR. people in public parking were not amused
Tesla’s new Trick or Treat Mode is awesome. Make sure to enable it during Halloween this weekend. (BTW, Tesla’s video production is 🔥)
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mapping the family tree incl. distant ancestors took my granduncle about a decade and Claude speedran it in an evening. totally nuts - it's now at the point where it's literally reading ancient clerk scribbles from the 18th century and requested a one-of-a-kind physical book to be scanned by some library in Munich
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so, the documentary feels more like a movie than a documentary
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narrator: the bottleneck in drug discovery was indeed ideas
The bottle neck in drug discovery is not ideas.
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oh boy. we’re gonna reach LEV tech by engineering uber-enhanced hounds aren’t we?
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rico meinl retweeted
I wrote an update on what we've done at Terraform this year, and what's next (roadmap.terraformindustries.…) terraformindustries.wordpres… It's a good day to make synthetic fuels.
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and at that point i knew that my long-running opus 5.5 thread had sneakily switched to opus 5
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Today we’re opening our structure-free AI drug discovery model for all to use! Ptarmigan-1 predicts which small molecules bind a protein, and where, without building a 3D protein structure. It learns from multiple kinds of data, including measurements of proteins at work inside living human cells. This is the culmination of a long and winding path to get here In my first week of grad school, I sat in a lecture hall where generations of chemists had trained and Nobel Prizes hung on display. One of the most accomplished chemists in the world introduced us to the word “undruggable,” describing targets that so many had given up on. I remember sitting there feeling so indignant. Of course all targets are impossible to drug until the right technology lets you drug it. Thankfully I found my people in @jaybradner's lab, where the T-shirts said “nothing is undruggable”, and got to work We focused on gene regulators there, proteins that control which genes turn on and off and can drive cancer. Most are poorly structured, making them difficult targets for traditional tech that focus on a well-defined binding pocket. Gene regulators are not the only disordered proteins though. Roughly 40% of the human proteome has significant disorder, and these targets remain out of reach while discovery for structured proteins gets faster every year. With Ptarmigan-1, we’re giving researchers a way to search for molecules against these targets without first having to solve their structure. I’m grateful to the team and supporters that brought us here. Now we get to see what the community does with it. Try it and tell us what you think. Link below.
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huge asymmetry in research where getting to a new result takes a long time but reproducing something that works is much easier (see AF3)
I thought Jev took 2 years of research and a whole new RL training method. Why was OpenAI able to build one on top of an LLM in 2 weeks?
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interesting, indeed rises by ≈ 6 mg/dL when drinking 3-5 cups of espresso per day (though the study measured total cholesterol, the mechanism would suggest its driven by LDL) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3553…
Should be noted that this is drip coffee. Coffee filtered through paper is not the same as espresso. Espresso retains cafestol, which is a potent dietary compound that down regulates LDL receptors and CYP7A1 enzyme which breaks down cholesterol. Don’t chug lattes thinking it’s the same as coffee
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food in the US isn't categorically worse, you just need to search harder and pay more
In Europe, peanut butter is actually real peanut butter.
Readers added context they thought people might want to know
US peanut butter must contain ≥90% peanuts (FDA). Pure versions that separate like the video are widely available. Europe has no min. peanut % standard, though many brands are ~100% peanuts. law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/21/16… fda.gov/about-fda/hist…
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rico meinl retweeted
In light of the progress in mathematics, we at Edison Scientific and FutureHouse have assembled a set of Millennium Problems for Biology. They are chosen to be very hard to solve but very easy to validate in a simple laboratory environment. Any of these, if solved, would mark a major advance in biotechnology, and most of them would contribute materially towards curing disease. These are, in some sense, the “last reasonable eval” for AI in biology. This was work primarily by @MichaelaThinks and myself, with contributions from many others. Short descriptions below. The full descriptions of the problems with acceptance criteria are at the Bio Millennium Problems website, linked in the next post. Share more if you have ideas. If they meet our criteria, we’ll add them to our list (with attribution and permission).
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rico meinl retweeted
The most widely used way to study a living cell is to kill it and read out 20,000 genes. Once. Then we train AI on that data and wonder why it can't predict what cells do... amplesa.substack.com/p/ai-fo…
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Finally a more intuitive way to learn pLDDT/pAE? 😎 sokrypton.github.io/protein_… (Character idea from @HannesStaerk & Alex Waldherr)
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biotech doesn’t sell molecules, it sells information
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always watch the lifespan of control mice. e.g. in the Bitto 2016 Rapa study that led to ~14% increase in lifespan the controls lived far longer than the sema mice here
If you take a GLP-1 drug (Ozempic) late in life does it extend lifespan, slow aging, and improve physiologic function? Yes, if you're a female mouse New @Nature nature.com/articles/s41586-0…
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lol yah, bc we adapt to the new capabilities immediately and forget that 4 years ago these things were barely capable of stringing some coherent chat responses together. the fact that this was kicked off by a prompt and a harness is wild
This. “The behavior is just not that wild.” It seemed entirely logical to me given the makeup of the agents (language) and the request for them to “do” things. Read the whole thing.
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rico meinl retweeted
BREAKING: GIGANTIC COMPUTER POWERED BY HALF THE NATIONAL GRID SOLVES MATH PROBLEM STUMPING HERMIT PROFESSOR LIVING ON NOTHING BUT COFFEE AND BISCUITS FOR 15 YEARS
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rico meinl retweeted
Nobody asks which molecule causes glass to age. The question is category-confused: glass aging is a property of the configurational landscape, not of any molecular species. Human aging is the same. The "which hallmark is upstream?" debate dissolves once you see damage as configurational entropy — many microstates, one macroscopic variable, and an arrow of time you can't reverse without paying the information cost. Aging is a thermodynamic drift, not a parts failure. Follow, like and repost — read the full argument on Substack this week peterfedichev.substack.com/p… and subscribe.
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