Hawaiians got around. The Arctic whaling pidgin spoken on Herschel Island in the Yukon had many words from Hawaiian, along with Inuit, Danish, Portuguese, and Chinook Jargon
Despite the old folk-etymology, the Catawba people and catalpa tree have no relation. The former are a Siouan people from the Carolinas, exonym from kátapu "river fork". The latter is a flowering tree native to Alabama & Mississippi, name loaned from Creek kvtvrpv [katáɬpa].
A medieval wouldn’t be confused by Doritos (they ate lots of overspiced carbs), but would find our derision for “incels” horrifying and filthy. To him, the unfulfillable quest for secret, higher love would be ennobling, courtly love. Arnaut Daniel was an incel
Greek ποταμός “river” has an unclear etymology. The root is *peth2- “spread, fly” > “fall” but the semantic route is murky.
Yet, compare διι-πετ-ής “fallen from heaven/Zeus”, a Homeric epithet of rivers. A common Indo-European trope is that waters fall from a heavenly reservoir
A few comparative examples:
In Grímnismál 26 (tr @germanicgems), all rivers originate in the water dripping off a heavenly stag's horns.
In Aban Yast in the Avesta, the goddess Anahita personifies the heavenly river which is the source of all others
Identifying plants is so odd. You read a description like “broad, wedge-shaped leaves with drip tips” and ok that might as well be a plant on Mars. Then you see one, then you can spot one from 45 yards while driving and your justification for it is “just the way it is”
Some early Greek loans in Latin showing confusion about voicing & aspiration:
gubernō < κυβερνάω kybernaō
amurca < ἀμόργη amorgē
cotōneum < κυδώνιον kydōnion
purpura < πορφύρα porphyra
colpus < colaphus < κόλαφος kolaphos
struppus < στρόφος strophos
bracchium < βραχίων brachiōn
Talkie’s personal heroes: Napoleon, Cromwell, Charlemagne, Luther, Peter the Great, and Alfred the Great
New work with @DavidDAfrica:
We reproduced emergent misalignment and subliminal learning in talkie, a model trained on pre-1931 text.
Oh look at that it's Odysseus and the Cyclops smushed into an existing story about Sosruquo (playing Prometheus).
The fun thing about Caucasian folklore is you can't tell if this is a source of the Greek myth, garbled Classical contact, later knowledge, or pure coincidence
Renderings of original /ɬ/ in English:
ll: Lloyd
fl: Floyd
ls: balsam
kl: Tlingit
bl: kabloona
thl: Thlopthlocco
shl: Hluhluwe




















