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For the AI trade to sustain its run, these things need to happen, in my view:
1. Memory costs (especially ASPs) need to come down. The game memory makers are playing is obvious - they are having their sweet revenge moment after the last downturn about 3-4 years ago. Forward growth should be on volumes, not pricing
2. AI models need to be more efficient - e.g. shorter CoT, better routing, token output generation should commensurate with work complexity and not output maxxing even for the simplest workloads
3. Token pricing should go UP, to reflect intelligence & value-add. Pricing tokens based on actual demand-supply dynamics better allocates finite resources. The Jevons argument is bullshit. There's a reason why Ferraris are priced higher than Toyotas - intrinsic value. Under-pricing tokens vis-a-vis actual value distort markets
4. The Iran war needs to end, so that energy-led inflation cools = path to lower rates = lower cost of capital = easier for hyperscalers/AI names to raise money
Alphabet's (Google's) revenue exposure to Anthropic is mind-boggling
ā Indirect, via Broadcom standing up TPU-based compute infra: $161.2B (non-cancelable)
ā Direct, via CSP hosting: $121.3B (non-cancelable, take-or-pay)
Anthropic also committed to procure additional TPU compute (w/o fixed dollar commitment), with such compute expected to be delivered between 2028 - 2031, via one of various delivery methods:
1) CSP hosting agreement
2) direct purchase from Google with 5Y financing
3) direct purchase and/or lease from 3rd-party TPU provider with 5Y financing
Est aggregate future payments for such additional compute to be: $125B to $150B
Total: $407.5B to $432.5B
$GOOG
$AAOI announces Q3 results this Thu (Nov 5)
Remember what they said in Q2 about bottlenecks in DSPs, TIAs, drivers, in particular for 1.6T transceiver products?
That chokepoint is gonna narrow for everyone with the Marvell-Lumentum combination. Even if the deal doesnāt consummate, thereāll still be uncertainty on allocation leading up to the target close in 2028
The good news is ā AAOI may get more laser orders if customers want diversification but I donāt know how they can ramp capacity without having to raise capital (maybe another placement/ATM, or debt?)
Also, does anyone know whether they had received qualification for their 1.6T product from Oracle?
Reminds me of a slide from Ciena š
Side note: during the Marvell-Lumentum call, the JPM analyst asked bluntly:
"By vertically integrating on the pluggable transceiver side, will you not be competing with existing module manufacturers who use your DSPs and TIAs and drivers today? Will this maybe open the door for other DSP suppliers to take share at your existing module customers?"
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$MRVL held a webcast today on its acquisition of Lumentum. On slide 13 they show an NPO module with a DSP in it (pictured below)
Our channel checks indicate that Marvell is working on a TX-only DSP for NPO. The transmit side is retimed and the receive side stays linear, so it is not a fully retimed DSP. That adds about 30 to 35 ns of latency, against roughly 90 ns for a fully retimed DSP.
The point of NPO was to sit close enough to the ASIC to go without a DSP. The electrical path from the ASIC to the optics was meant to be short enough to skip the DSP. It looks like the electrical losses on the host side and the need for stable scale-up links are enough to warrant a retimer on the transmit side after all.
It is still early, but adding a DSP would reduce NPOās power and latency advantages over pluggables. It would also give Marvell another DSP socket inside a design that was originally intended to not work with one.
My prev post transpired as expected, but with a strange outcome because of the way both stocks traded. An all-stock deal is/was almost guaranteed given the liquidity Marvell has. And now we all can infer from the deal terms what Lumentum thinks about their business & sector
What next?
With the target completion date so far out and rising rates, investors need to consider the opportunity cost of holding out + probability-weighted outcomes
The latter is going to be (mostly) driven by timing of regulatory approvals. The deal crosses the financial thresholds for triggering a review by China's SAMR which can take "as long as they want it to be". I am quite certain there will be preconditions IF China approves - which may require Lumentum (or even Marvell) to sell some business(es)
Does the deal make commercial sense? Yes. M&A synergies - larger TAM (management expects 10% higher than the sum of both standalone TAMs); cost synergies (from operational efficiencies) which I'm guessing will come in form of workforce rationalization. Some sales & marketing folks and middle management are gonna be asked to leave; the engineering folks will probably be ok since they need to be around for co-design
Ultimate winners? The banks/advisors for this deal. Always lol. This time with zero financial risk since there's no mezz/cap underwriting requirement to fund the acquisition. With the lineups, I think I know who had pitched the deal
Whenever news break about a rumored M&A, and if it's indeed true, the actual formal announcement typically follows within 48 hours to lock in deal terms
But there's still nothing on $MRVL - $LITE
Reasons could be:
> both sides have not or cannot agree on terms (possibly due to the sell-off in both stocks, and the overall tech/semi sector)
> financing (mezz/bridge, if any) and deal structure issues (stock exchange ratio, cash terms, break fee, go-shop, etc)
> new risk factors that could have arisen - antitrust, regulatory, etc
I also think the stock premium that Marvell could offer for Lumentum, if they proceed, may not be as high as what many people think. Definitely not 30s, maybe 20s, or could be as low as mid-teens
The agreed premium will be an indicator of how Lumentum board/senior execs think about the future prospects of their business, maybe even the overall optics/photonics sector
$CBRS is back to its Series H post-$ valuation
$CBRS Cerebras - bear case thesis
Today (June 25) is the day when 30.2M shares held by existing directors, officers and non-employee shareholders (i.e. pre-IPO investors) are unlocked. The unlock starts at 6:00AM ET
During the IPO, Cerebras issued 34.5M shares. The first release of shares shall result in an increase of ~87.5% in free float, from 34.5M shares to 64.7M shares, assuming all the unlocked shares are converted to Class A shares for trading
In dollar terms, at last close ($182.41), this represents ~$5.5B
Bear case thesis:
1 ā the announcement by OpenAI to develop a custom silicon inference accelerator with Broadcom (codenamed JalapeƱo) is a potential negative for Cerebras
Reason: under the terms of the OpenAI Master Relationship Agreement (MRA) with Cerebras, OpenAI has two deployment options ā i.e. to receive Committed Compute via Cerebras Cloud, or via the purchase and deployment of Cerebras systems in their own data centers
(Note: Committed Capacity refers to the 750MW of AI Inference compute capacity that will be deployed in tranches from this year to 2028, with each tranche having a term of 3 or 4 years, extendable to 5 years. OpenAI also has the option to purchase Additional Capacity of 1.25GW for deployment in tranches by end of 2030)
OpenAIās choice of deployment will impact Cerebrasā revenue mix (hardware versus cloud and other services) as well as segment/overall gross margins
If OpenAI elects to receive compute via Cerebras Cloud, impact on gross margin is overall negative because such revenue attributable to OpenAI is recognized as pass-through revenue (booked under cloud and other services) and reported on a gross basis with a 3% mark-up ā i.e., pass-through revenue = pass-through costs + 3% margin
Pass-through costs comprise of: fixed monthly data center rental costs, leasehold improvements, security and other variable monthly costs (e.g. power / utility)
Revenue recognized from OpenAI is also subject to GAAP non-cash amortization due to the warrants issued to OpenAI
Cerebras currently assumes the initial 250MW of committed capacity to be delivered to OpenAI through Cerebras Cloud
Assuming if OpenAI successfully develops and deploys its own custom inference silicon, it is highly likely that they may choose to receive compute through Cerebras Cloud for the fulfilment of the Remaining Performance Obligations (RPO). In this scenario, Cerebrasā overall margin will deteriorate further
2 ā Terms of their agreement with AWS are quite scant, but from their recent 10-Q, they include an āinitial multi-year lease of the Cerebras systemsā and āoptions for future procurement of products and servicesā, with āminimum manufacturing capacity guaranteesā
This means that instead of purchasing Cerebras systems outright to be deployed together with Trainium for disaggregated AI inference workloads (Trainium for pre-fill, CS-3 for decode), AWS will initially lease these systems and deploy them in their own data centers
This arrangement compounds the decline in hardware sales over the next few quarters, as guided by Cerebrasā CFO, into 2027 when revenue contribution from AWS starts materializing
(Note: during the 1Q earnings call, Cerebras' management declined to answer an analyst's question on the scope of the AWS agreement across the compute spectrum and scale)
Apart from finding data center space/capacity to fulfil its obligations to OpenAI, Cerebras has another problem on hand ā which is to find new customers to purchase its hardware/systems
3 ā Customer concentration / financial accounting
G42 and MBZUAI, both related entities, contributed about 74% of Cerebrasā 1Q revenue, and 54% of accounts receivable
While its partnership with OpenAI is supposed to mitigate customer concentration risk, Cerebras currently presents core gross profit as GAAP gross profit adjusted to exclude:
i) Pass-through revenue and related data center costs
ii) Non-cash amortization of customer warrant assets
iii) Stock-based compensation expense
Given that items i) and ii) are largely attributable to OpenAI (and subsequently AWS for the warrants), itās unclear how they plan to present their financials if majority of OpenAIās remaining deployment is going to be through Cerebras Cloud and with such revenue to be booked as pass-through revenue
4 ā Stock overhang
Shares held by pre-IPO investors and employees/directors/officers are scheduled to be unlocked starting today, with a final release on the earlier of the 2nd trading day after Q3 26 or 180 days after IPO pricing (around November 9, 2026)
A total of >210M shares will be unlocked from now until early November = $38B+ (on last closing price)
This has not yet factored in the shares underlying the warrants issued to OpenAI and AWS totalling ~36.1M Class N shares, freely convertible to Class A common stock once vested and exercised
Uhhh. I recall Reuters reported that they saw Anthropic's Q3 numbers but wasn't included in the first filing. Now we know why ...
ANTHROPIC Q3 2026 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS:
- Revenue: $17.0B, +1,127% YoY & 47% QoQ
- Oper Loss: $567M (vs. $974M profit in Q2)
- Net Loss: $23.3B, vs. $12.1B YoY
- Adj. Oper Income: $2.5B
- Adj. Oper Margin: 15%, down from 19% in Q2
- 9M Revenue: $33.2B
Anthropic attributed its return to an operating loss partly to $5B in higher-cost short-term compute and a $2B noncash donation-matching charge.
Its nine-month net loss reached $104B, largely reflecting $94.3B in noncash charges from the rising value of its convertible notes.
Anthropic also disclosed approximately $895.4B in aggregate purchase and lease commitments as of and after Sept. 30, largely tied to AI compute infrastructure.
Did a quick mental calc of both $MRVL and $LITE latest figs
I think Lumentum can exit FY27 with revenue at 2/3 of Marvell's standalone and op margin at 8 to 10 ppts higher than Marvell's on baseline forecast
But Lumentum shareholders are only getting 1/3 of the enlarged Marvell?
Feels like Marvell needs Lumentum (than the other way round) and they are getting a really sweet deal
"By all accounts, it was the blockbuster IPO of Barito Renewables that first brought the MSCI trade to Indonesia in 2023.
Suspicious trading of all sorts had existed long before that ā the term deep-fried stocks, after all, is decades old ā but the potency of the MSCI trade only became clear to financiers here in the aftermath of that deal."
Make a guess which Singapore bank's local brokerage unit ran the IPO?
A network of brokers engineered trades to mint billions for Indonesiaās tycoons ā until MSCI triggered a crackdown bloomberg.com/news/features/ā¦
From Nikkei Asia: "Indonesian political maneuvers hinder market reforms amid downgrade threats"
asia.nikkei.com/business/marā¦
Case highlight:
> ID govt delayed approval for the revised 2026 work plan & budget (RKAB) production quotas submitted by coal miner Bayan Resources' subsidiaries leading up to Sep 11
> Bayan Resources' subcos had to declare force majeure on Sep 11 since it couldn't fulfil obligations to their customers
> Company founder sought help from a politically connected tycoon, in return of him (& daughter) selling a substantial (30%) stake in the company at close to 80% discount to market price
> Following the stake sale, ID govt then immediately approved the revised quotas on Sep 23
tbf, this happens in some of the other ASEAN EM, but not as blatant and rampant as in Indonesia
The flaws in IDX markets are structurally and deeply rooted. Their responses to MSCI's concerns are at best performative, in my view
How do these two conflicting arguments fit within the same post?
"Folks are underestimating how hard building GW scale datacenters are"
vs.
"I'm forecasting that the hyperscalers and neoclouds have severe delays, and SpaceX is on time"
Does he know that Elon's targeting to add 10GW within a year, next year?
I made a point in a post how hard & long it takes to scale 1GW in compute capacity but no one seems to care
Maybe a sequoia partner with a PhD in physics knows something
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B300s rents:
on-demand, guaranteed: $8.96 - $9.53/hr
on-demand, interruptible: $5.82/hr
we should also keep watch on the pricing gap/trend between hyperscalers and neoclouds
US midterms T-2
Latest odds according to Polymarket and Kalshi
The outcome may still swing as we saw in Brazil
A Dem sweep is bad for the SI/AI trade (data center moratoriums) and I'm guessing this will trigger DJT to bomb Iran
Markets are/have been repricing these risks
Like i said in an earlier post ... token pricing should reflect actual demand-supply dynamics. Jevons account for only cost/efficiency vs usage.. not scarcity of resources, which means demand can go infinite but costs will never be zero
Interesting line of argument by the FT
Their argument is that productivity gains (output/revenue) in tech seemed to have their starts predating the current AI boom - when tech firms began to downsize their workforce around 2022, which got bloated when many went on massive hiring binge post-COVID, largely to keep talent from competitors. Capital was cheap and many tech upstarts prioritized growth over profitability. Reminds me of stories about how Meta had many "fake" employees who had no real work/projects assigned to them
Outside of tech, such as in consulting/finance where work is relational, the impact of AI on high-level efficiency/productivity remains too early to be conclusive
That's why when I look at the S&P500's sector growth numbers, where tech earnings growth is almost 2x the rest, seems to me like a disconnect since this implies that the US tech sector is growing faster than non-tech sectors which are or are going to be main drivers of AI end-demand/adoption. This anomaly can only be explained by the copious amount of capex driving AI/tech earnings growth - which is why markets are increasingly focused on what/where the real ROI is
Quick thread on AI and productivity:
Lots of people say this chart shows AI is now showing up in the productivity data.
But I made this chart to argue the opposite: a trend that pre-dates AI and only shows up in the US doesnāt look like AI.
Hereās how Iām thinking about the data and underlying dynamics:
Did a quick sweep of my X wall to see what's trending and saw a few accounts pumping $RDDT Reddit
I don't know if people realize that Reddit *was* great as a data scraping ground for AI labs (initially, then with licensing agreements) due to its pool of human-generated content which these labs require to train their models/NLP capabilities
However, the situation has since evolved. The advanced/frontier AI labs are now more focused on highly curated content - and are willing to pay for specialized domain knowledge/data work. Platforms like Mercor are thriving because of this
For AI startups, they can now bootstrap training/fine-tuning using synthetic data (like TML's Inkling using Chinese open models)
Those who say, well, there're data integrity issues with AI training on AI
But the counterargument is, the internet is increasingly filled with AI-generated content and what's more, we now have agent swarms generating/iterating data loops
Not only is signal-to-noise ratio shifting rapidly, we'll soon be unable to discern between authentic human-generated content vs AI ones
My view is public forums like Reddit are soon going to be what they're initially set out to be - mostly for fun and entertainment purposes. Somewhere you doom-scroll mindlessly after a long work day lol
Similarly for Discord. Arguably, they are better positioned given their community vibes with dedicated spaces/whatnot but from what I understand, they are facing real monetization difficulties. I believe they have been/are trying to IPO but I think it's gonna be a tough sell
Did a quick calc of Anthropic's liquidity & projected CF profile
I have reasons to believe that Blackstone is low-balling Anthropic's credit by claiming high-junk (BB) status even after the IPO (a notable 180° shift in stance from prev assumption of IG rating before 2027) so they can continue to buy ANT's indirect subordinated exposure at >10% yield with potential for significant upside
Why do I think that?
Comparable benchmark ICE BofA BB US corp index currently yields around 6.7%, with BBB yielding at around 6%
When/if ANT goes public, its credit curve will be confined within market-defined boundaries, especially given its size
Blackstone essentially bought ANT's indirect subordinated private credit exposure with a 60% to 70% upside buffer (at BB/BBB rating), potentially even much higher if ANT's credit becomes public & IG, which I think has a non-zero probability going into 2028 (within the 5-yr credit tenor of Project North Star)
Moreover, ANT has about $132B of liquidity (cash/equivalents + ST investments), $147B including RCF as of June 30, which will increase with the IPO proceeds - say $100B base case, bringing its total liquidity buffer to almost $250B
Its compute commitment - of which estimates/measures vary - is at baseline of about $420B, staged over 10 years (i.e. US$42B per year assuming a simple straight-line basis)
With annual revenue (not ARR) likely to surpass $100B-$150B exiting 2027, i find it hard pressed to see ANT's credit remain in junk going into 2028
tl;dr - don't take Blackstone's recent comments on ANT's credit too seriously. They have every reason to low-ball as a credit participant
Just realized - North Korea's GDP increased by about 12% within 20 minutes from the Binance hack, based on unrecovered stolen assets estimated at $3.3B
Singapore needs legislative amendments to impose harsher penalties for traffic offenses involving dangerous driving, failure to render assistance after an accident AND negligence
There've been so many times when I'd witness drivers who willfully ignore pedestrian crossings/traffic lights, or speed through residential areas
Car ownership - no matter how expensive it is - does not give one the right to injure or kill
We also need new laws for autonomous vehicles given that they'll be plying roads starting 2028. There needs to be product liability and enhanced insurance coverage
That is appalling.
That means the young couple who died wonāt even get any compensation.
straitstimes.com/singapore/cā¦
Whenever news break about a rumored M&A, and if it's indeed true, the actual formal announcement typically follows within 48 hours to lock in deal terms
But there's still nothing on $MRVL - $LITE
Reasons could be:
> both sides have not or cannot agree on terms (possibly due to the sell-off in both stocks, and the overall tech/semi sector)
> financing (mezz/bridge, if any) and deal structure issues (stock exchange ratio, cash terms, break fee, go-shop, etc)
> new risk factors that could have arisen - antitrust, regulatory, etc
I also think the stock premium that Marvell could offer for Lumentum, if they proceed, may not be as high as what many people think. Definitely not 30s, maybe 20s, or could be as low as mid-teens
The agreed premium will be an indicator of how Lumentum board/senior execs think about the future prospects of their business, maybe even the overall optics/photonics sector






















